← B2 Upper-Intermediate English25 min
GUIDED LESSON

Advanced Modals and Hedging

Express probability, caution and confidence without sounding too absolute.

Lesson focus

Express probability, caution and confidence without sounding too absolute.

Core idea

Use may, might, could, must, cannot and hedging phrases such as appears to, tends to and is likely to for calibrated claims.

Examples

The change may reduce costs.

This appears to be the main cause.

Demand is likely to increase.

Useful vocabulary

WordMeaning
hedgemake a claim less absolute
probabilityhow likely something is
claima statement presented as true

Active practice

Do this now: Rewrite five absolute statements so they sound appropriately cautious.

Fast review

  • Explain the rule in your own words.
  • Say at least three examples without reading.
  • Complete the quiz below. A passing score unlocks lesson completion.

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